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What are minerals and trace elements used for?

WHAT ARE THE DAILY CONTRIBUTIONS FOR SPORTSMEN?

Trace elements are essential substances because they allow our organism to carry out all the biochemical transformations that our tissues need.

Minerals and trace elements are catalysts for anabolism and cell metabolism; antioxidants, they participate in the acid / base balance (redox), and fight against the damage of oxidation. Immunomodulators and regulators of the inflammatory reaction, they are also constituents of hormones (Iodine, Selenium and thyroid), modulators of hormonal action (Chromium and insulin) or co-factors of enzymes (Zinc and testosterone).

Each mineral or trace element fulfills many functions.

Thus, a proven trace element deficiency is likely to lead to a condition directly related to the missing trace element:

  • A lack of iron can lead to iron deficiency anemia.
  • A lack of zinc can promote the onset of diabetes, or a neurological condition.
  • Insufficient uptake of iodine can lead to thyroid disease.
  • Copper deficiency can cause immune dysfunction 
  • ...

Conversely, excess trace elements can lead to worrying pathologies. For example, an excess of manganese facilitates the occurrence of parkinsonian syndrome, an excess of cobalt can aggravate / trigger a cardiac attack or an excess of silicon or aluminum leads to renal or neurological damage…. 

For the regular runner, the iron requirements are increased; depending on the results of the blood test (hemoglobin and ferritin) iron supplementation may be useful.  

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For the other minerals and trace elements, one must remain cautious since the addition of mineral elements recommended by some does not rest on any solid base and is in no case clearly followed by an improvement in performance; on the other hand, a deficit can lead to a decrease in the latter or various pathologies as we mentioned above (see summary table below).

No need to play sorcerer's apprentice! In a balanced and varied diet, the body finds all the elements it needs, so it is not necessary to supplement the ration of the occasional runner. This is not always the case with regular runners, who, by the training load (with significant sweating and increased gas exchange), but also by special diets (low calorie, ketogenic, dissociated ...) that they 'impose, will be able to develop deficiencies, in particular in antioxidants and minerals. 

More than any other subject, the regular runner must take care of his diet, to avoid the occurrence of deficiencies, especially in metals.

Caroline JOUCLA, the author of this article and state-certified nutritionist-dietitian in France, considers that a balanced diet, varied and adapted to the level of training must take precedence over any temptation to supplementation. It is crucial to produce a dietary profile through a detailed study of the athlete's habits, a profile documented by the training schedules.

THE MOST IMPORTANT MINERALS AND TRACE ELEMENTS FOR SPORTSMEN

We all need minerals to function properly, and while some may need to be increased in sports, there are actually very few. Only iron, chromium, selenium, iodine and molybdenum are involved in the intensive training phases.

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MINERALS AND TRACE ELEMENTS Table 1

MINERALS AND TRACE ELEMENTS Table 2

MINERALS AND TRACE ELEMENTS Table 3

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This short version of the original article has been reproduced with permission from atletnutrition.com

To read the original full article:

https://atletnutrition.com/blog/mineraux-oligoelements-et-sport

 

The original article was written by:

Caroline JOUCLA - Nutritionist-dietitian State graduate in France.

https://www.carolinejoucladieteticienne.com/

 

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